Arizona on Sale

Cal Foothills

anthropological and socio-economic studies of agricultural Pratices Uri, Baramullah, Kashmir

 

ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN URI OF Tehsil BARAMULAAH DISTRIC

Prof. Ghulam Mohyuddin Wani designed and developed the concept note which was executed by the team of following experts and NGOs

 

 

 

 

                                                               

S. No.

Name

Description

2. Mr. Abdul Majid Tantray

Asstt. Prof.Extension (DEE)

2. Dr. Raihana

Asstt. Prof. (Agronomy, DEE)

2. Dr.Harinder Singh

Asstt.Prof. (Agronomy, DEE)

2. Dr. D. Ram

Asstt. Prof. (Soil DEE)

2. Ms. Nasreen Jahan
3. Asstt. Prof (Home Science, DEE)
   2. Ms Farahnaz Rasool

Asstt.Prof. (Plant Pathology, DEE).

2. Miss.Rafiya Munshi

SMS (Home Science, DEE)

Ms. Beenish Shakeel

SMS (Home Science, DEE)

2. Mr. Mushtaq Ahamad

Photographer (DEE)

2. Dr Sheikh Muzaffar

Prog Coordinator KVKBaramulla

2. Dr.SRSingh
3. Asstt. Professor (Pomology)
   2. Dr. Qazi Altaf Hussain

Asstt. Prof. FMAP

2. Dr. Parveen Kousar

Asstt. Prof. (Olericulture)

Dr. MA Chatoo

Asstt. Prof. (Olericulture)

Dr. Tariq Ahmed Shah

Asstt. Prof. (Plant Pathology)

Dr. Khurshid Ahmad

Assitt. Prof. (Plant Pathology)

2. Mr.Muzaffar Dar Hussein

Sdao Uri

Mr. Mohd. Qasim

SMS, Uri

2. Mr. Manzoor Ahamad

AEO Uri

MM Khan Latief

AEO, Uri

Ms. Tasneem Kous

AEO Chandenwari

Singh Jatinderjit

Agric. Assitt. Boniyar

2. Rafiq Ahamad

Deptt. Fisheries

FSFisheries

Mr. Manzoor Ahmed Peer

HDO, Uri

Dr. Anwar Hussain

VAS, Uri

Ms. Kaur Sudbeer

LA, Uri

Aziz Assadullah

APO, the Aga Khan Foundation

Mr. Manzoor Moulvi

Farmer, Isham

Mr. Manzoor Ahmad

Teacher, Limber

Mr. Zahid Ahmad

Teacher, Limber

Mr. Gh. Qadir Dar

Master II Limber

Mr Ramzan Nazar

Farmer, Limber

Mr. Gh. Qadir Lone

Farmer, Limber

Mr. Hussain Syed Rafiq

Sarpanch, Noorkah

36-59.

Isham Farmers Group (24 Rrespondents)

60-80.

Limber Farmers Group (21 respondents)

81-95.

Noorkhah farmer groups (15 respondents)

96-110.

Chandanwari Women Group (15 respondents)

 

 

I-INTRODUCTION

Uri is one of the tehsils spread of Baramulla district, an area of 25,192 hectares with a population of 104,159 people, consisting of 54,989 men and 49,170 women. It is located in north-western district of Baramulla in 73o 59 '18 .26 E and divided into two administrative blocks namely Uri and Boniyar have 33 Panchayat halquas with a number of 90 villages. The Tehsil is bounded in sub tropical and temperate agro climatic zones where the average summer temperature rises to 360 C and occasionally drops below 00 C in the subtropics. It is surrounded by high mountains, ravines deep, terraced land and is one of the border near Tehsil LOC. Jehlum River flows through the area and is the major source of hydroelectric power of J & K State. The population is mostly settled on land of mountains and scattered in small hamlets low population density and connectivity of roads. Altitude area varies from 1100 meters to 2200 meters. Farmers have small farms on the terraces.

Livestock in the region is dominated by the growth of crops such as maize, rice, wheat, oats, legumes (especially rajmash) both as irrigated and rain. Among vegetables kharief both Rabi and vegetables are grown in small kitchen gardens for domestic use only. However, development of peas and potatoes in some villages for commercial purposes have developed a keen interest among some farmers based their rich experiences. Generally, in areas of higher altitude mono culture and belts dual culture is lower in practice many places. High altitude mountains are covered with pine trees and Deodar Foothills and there is a growing rare trees such as pear, walnut, peach, apple, olive, lemon, apricot and wild, etc. The fruit trees are scattered and as such hardly an orchard can be seen in the region. In addition, they are with any layout and are poorly managed. The number of fruit trees (local cultivars / wild) ranged 8-10 trees per house hold. Naturally large walnut trees and abandoned pear are considered in good numbers in the region and personal interaction report meager returns.

The herd consists of keeping cattle 1-2 (local / cross bred cows, bulls, buffalo). Sheep, goats and poultry are raised internally with the native race and methods. Sheep declared and goat population is 81,940 and 27390, respectively, and most do not exceed 3-4 persons per household. Cross breeding exists to some extent in sheep only. Few indigenous poultry for domestic purposes is a common practice of some farm families. Traditional method of beekeeping is still practiced in some hamlets of the village.

In general, people are economically backward and The situation becomes even worse because of low productivity, unemployment / underemployment, lack of communication and basic amenities such as education and health. Most people are malnourished and under-nutrition and the most affected group is children and women. Most older women are illiterate and suffer from orthopedic problems to a large extent. In addition, mothers were not equipped with health information as the appropriate immunization schedule in time for their children.

 

II-METHODOLOGY

 

The process of reorganizing the system of extension has led to the creation of three Atmas (technology agricultural and management agencies) in three districts and one (SAMET management of the State Institute of Agricultural Extension training) in Jammu and Kashmir. The Director Extension Education SKAUST-K is also looking after the Director Samet. To prepare for the SREP agro-climatic zones of the valley, programs training and conduct of the ERP has been a regular activity Samet. In this context SAMET the director to prepare a Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) through PRA techniques deputing multidisciplinary team of experts and scientists of SKUAST-K Uri Tehsil of Baramulla district of 16 to 21 July 2007. The team consisted of scientists / experts Extension education, agronomy, Pomology, soil science, floriculture, Home Science, Plant Protection and Olericulture.

The team with KVK Program Coordinator, conducted Uri Baramulla, July 16, 2007 from Shalimar campus and meet Uri started working on the assignment.

1. Building Report

To have a brief idea on the weather conditions, natural resources, ecology, the needs of the farming community and opportunities, etc. before making a PRA plan the first team of all records in the office of Sdao, Uri Development Department.

An exchange meeting was held with officials and field staff development services, NGOs scientists and farmers of the locality and collected some important information on the aspects above. This meeting of interaction has also been useful in determining the representative villages for PRA by agro-ecological situations. In each group representative village farmers of different ages were collected in schools / central places of the villages and were taken to build confidence through discussion informal. Some ideas were exchanged, and slowly, the discussion has been diverted to farming issues allies. Groups were easily convinced and shared the information required.

 

 

2. Conducting PRA

For the purposes of the SREP, the Tehsil has been divided into three agro-ecological situations (AES), mainly on the basis of altitude because tehsil. Uri is composed of individuals high and low altitude belt with a pattern quite different culture.

AES various identified are given below.

S.No.

Name

Location

Representative of village

Altitude

1

AES-1

Sub-tropical

Isham

1300m AMSL

2

AES-2

Temperate

Limber

1800m AMSL

3

AES-3

Sub-temperate

Noorkhah

1420m AMSL

3. Transect Walk

After the selection of three representative villages the team more with the villagers had a transect in each village to familiarize themselves with the resources of the village and its boundaries.

 

 

4. Mapping

Some farmers were asked to draw the map of the village, each using materials such as drawing sheets, pencils, erasers, etc. provided by the staff resources. While others have been encouraged to make a correction wherever they felt the need. Thanks to his performance of the team achieved the social and resource mapping of the village.

 

5. Wealth ranking

Wealth ranking was conducted by direct questioning and indirect farmers on the basis of gross income / month / household without hurting their feelings and then two income groups ie resource rich and poor resources have been identified in each village. The number of low income groups / resource poor income up to Rs 2000/month is the basis of the examination.

 

6. Farming systems existing

For existing farming systems, farms different with their contribution and their combination being followed were critically analyzed and identified. The cropping systems vary of agro-ecological situations.

 

7. Gap Analysis

Analysis gap has been made on the basis of the agricultural situation recommended based on the extension. The recommended practice was compared with existing practice and the extent of the valuation gap. The specific reasons for the variance was requested and farmers were encouraged to propose strategies to fill gaps. Based on the above findings SREP has been made for the village representative.

III – BACKGROUND OF THE REPRESENTATIVE

VILLAGES AND THEIR SREP

 

Isham Village

 

1.  

Resources (Income Groups)

S. No

Income group (Rs / month)

No families

Percentage

1

Up to 8000

113

62.78

2

8001-12000

45

25.00

3

More than 12000

22

12.22

Total

180

100%

Wealth ranking

 

S. No

Category

No families

Percentage

1

Resource-poor

106

58.89

2

Rich in resources,

74

41.11

Total

180

100.00

                                             

Existing farm

 

S. No

Enterprise

Number of households

Percentage

1

Agriculture

159

88.5

2

Horticulture

125

69.5

3

Animal Husbandry

122

68.0

4

Sheep

54

30.0

5

Poultry Keeping

104

58.0

Existing Farming System

 

S. No

Existing Farming systems

Number of households

Percentage

1.

Agriculture + Horticulture + Animal Husbandry

94

52.0

2.

Agriculture + Horticulture + Poultry Keeping

54

30.0

3.

Agriculture + Horticulture + Sheep

32

18.0

 

Total

180

100.0

                         

Contribution of different enterprises (%)

Enterprise-wise gap in adoption and proposed extension strategies of selected villages

 

AES-1 Village Isham, altitude 1300m AMSL, Tehsil-Uri,

A) Agriculture

S. No.

Item Package

Best Practices

Existing practices

Gap in adoption

The specific reason for Gap

Farmers propose strategies for extension

1

Paddy

i

rate of seed

50-60kg/ha

100-120kg/ha

partial

The hedging against the availability of seed, Water, weeds and birds damage etc.

Training cum demonstration on farmers own seed handling, processing and use input for making healthy nursery.

II.

variety

Shalimar Rice-1, K-39 Jehlum

Variety Chinese K-39

Partial

Non-availability of seeds and technology varieties last

-Demonstration Cum Training on recently published rice varieties, the laying of the OFT's growing success of Basmati rice

III.

time of transplantation and method

appropriate time is May 25th-June 10th with 3-4 plants / Hill

First fortnight of June and planting seedlings 8-10 / Hill

Partial

-For coverage of risk and more seasonal plant population established in the field

-OFT planting dates for the beginning of the week Exact / date for the transplant and number of plants

iv

Application of fertilizer (urea, DAP, MOP)

Urea-10kg, DAP6.5kg, MOP1.7kg: Kanal

Urea5kg and DAP5kg/kanal

Partial

-Lack of awareness the use of balanced dose of fertilizer.

-Not available at the right time

Training cum demonstration on the role and use Efficient fertilizer application.

v

Method of fertilizer application

Basal + High Doses

Using basal dose of fertilizer available only

-do —

-do —

-do —

vi

Pests, problems

IPM

Nil

Full

-Lack of awareness in the IPM

Face the problem of the grasshopper, almost every year

Training courses will be organized into an insect / pest control cons especially in reference to the grasshopper

vii

Disease problem

IDM

Nil

Full

Non-conscious seed treatment and control measures of any disease

-However, many farmers reported occurrence in some Blast areas

Guidance training programs against the disease complex culture

-Significance of seed treatment and method

-Application of chemicals to control disease

viii

Yield

3-4 cwt / Kanal

1.3-1.6quintal/kanal

Partial

Lack of interest Awareness, training and availability of inputs on technology recommended Rice production in state

The organization of awareness camps and training

2

Maize

i

variety

Mansar, C-6, C-8

Local (Francece)

Full

Disregard –

List of preferences for white maize for food

Introduction and popularization of varieties recommended by training and demonstration

ii

Seed rate

1 kg / kanal for sowing online 1.5kg/kanal for dissemination

4-5 kg / Kanal through broadcast only

Partial

-Ensure proper plant population

More – labor

Demonstrate the benefits of growing seedlings in a line that is also feasible for the practice of intercropping in the area

iii

Fertilizers

7 kg of urea, DAP 6.5 kg, 2.5 kilograms MOP and 1 kg ZnSo4/kanal

The application of urea only @ 2 kg / kanal knee high stage

Partial

Unconsciousness and the unavailability of fertilizers

Training on the use fertilizer for growth and development

iv

Insect / Disease pest /

Control cut-Worm, stem borer Corn and sheath blight

Sow more seed than the recommended seeding

Full

Do not know the type and use of chemicals

Training in management / control insect pests or diseases

v

Yield

Q 2.5-3 / kanal

1-1.2 q / kanal

Partial

Growing local cultivars and not only the pest

Demonstration Cum Training on improved variety of maize

3.

Wheat

i

variety

HS 240

Local

Full

Disregard –

Introduction and popularization of varieties recommended by the Training and Demonstration

ii

Seed rate and method

5-6 kg / kanal online seeding

8-10 kg / Kanal through broadcast only

Partial

-Ensure proper plant population

– Lack of quality seeds

– No drill manual

Demonstrate the benefits of growing seedlings in line.

iii

Seed Treatment

Carboxin @ 2 g / kg seed

Nil

Full

Disregard –

Demonstration cum training on the importance of Seed Treatment

iv

Yield

30-40 q / ha

10-12 q / ha

partial

– Use of local seeds

– No pop culture, but more generally for fodder.

-Extension of wheat as food crop and fitness in the rice-wheat system. Demonstration should be conducted on the system.

– Introduction of fodder crops (oats, berseem, etc.)

 

B) Horticulture

Pear, apricot, walnuts, low-chill apple, olive and lemon are grown in the region. Pear and apricot, expires a month earlier valley, and fetch higher returns to producers. Nuts areas are not the mark because of the temperature rise at maturity. Olive the best quality are grown in the region. Lemons are found increasingly in the areas below, but are of poor quality.

1

Walnut

S. No

Packages

Recommended

Existing

Variance (%)

Reason gap

Farmers proposed strategy

1.

Variety

Hamdan, Sulaiman or better clonal selections

Seedling origin

100

Non-availability of planting material and ignorance

Some form of local unemployed youth to prepare the nursery.

2

Spacing

8 x 8

No planting systematic orchard

100

unconsciousness and undulating land

—

3

Manure

20 kg / tree

Nil

—

unconsciousness

—

4

Fertilizers

Urea-3915g

DAP-1085g

MOP-2490g

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

5

Pests and diseases

Spraying insecticides and fungicides

Nil-walnut weevil, but the major problem.

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

6

Irrigation

Required

Nile – even so much water is available.

unconsciousness

Need Awareness Program

2.

Pear

1.

Variety

Bartlett, Max Red Bartlett, Chinese sand pear,

Bartlett, William Bartlett

50

The failure to introduce new

Introduction of high yielding varieties of color

2

Spacing

6 x 6

No systematic planting of an orchard

100

unconsciousness and undulating land

–

3

Manure

20 / Tree

Nil

—

unconsciousness

—

4

Fertilizers

Urea-1065g

DAP-650g

MOP-1500G

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

5

Pests and diseases

Spraying insecticides and fungicides

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

6

Irrigation

Required

Nile – even so much water is available.

unconsciousness

Need Awareness Program

3.

Apricot

 

 

 

 

 

1.

Variety

Charmagz, Kaisa, sweet Gilgiti, Amba, Quetta, Sukerpara

Unidentified varieties

50

The failure to introduce new

Introduction of high yielding varieties

2

Spacing

6 x6

No systematic planting of an orchard

100

unconsciousness and undulating land

—

3

Manure

10 / Tree

Nil

—

unconsciousness

—

4

Fertilizers

Urea-850g

DAP-325g

MOP-11250g

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

5

Pests and diseases

Spray insecticides and fungicides

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

6

Irrigation

Required

Nile – even if much water is available.

unconsciousness

Need Awareness Program

4.

Olive

 

 

 

 

 

1.

Variety

Leccino, Coratina, Pendolino

Frontoio

Ramya, Nikitshaya

Leccino, Coratina, Pendolino

Frontoio

50

The lack of lack of oil high yielding varieties like Ramya, Nikitshaya

Introduction of oil varieties High Performance

2

Spacing

6 x6

No systematic planting of an orchard

100

unconsciousness and undulating land

—

3

Manure

20 / Tree

Nil

—

unconsciousness

—

4

Fertilizers

1.2kgN

0.80kgP2O5

0.40 K2O

Apply only N as urea

80

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

5

Pests and diseases

Spraying insecticides and fungicides

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

6

Irrigation

Required

Nile – even if much water is available.

unconsciousness

Need Awareness Program

 

There are many growing Indian wild olive (Olea cuspidata), which May be rejuvenated by a high work of high-yielding varieties. Lemons are increasingly in the areas below are of poor quality and there is a good opportunity for the introduction of Kinnow in the region for economic production. Allison Abbott and varieties of kiwifruit and day neutral berries of straw can also be introduced for crop diversification.

 

 

C) vegetables

 

S. No

Packages

Recommended

Existing

Gap

Reason gap

Farmers proposed strategy

Kharief Vegetables

1.

Kharif vegetables and varieties

Crucifers, cucurbits, and beans etc. Solaneaceous

with different varieties high performance.

progresses few selected vegetables such as cabbage, cucumber, gourd, chillies and tomatoes brinjal potato using local seed

Partial

– Ignorance about growing vegetables using modern technologies

– Lack of improved / high yielding varieties of vegetable seed

Organizing awareness camps and training programs on vegetable Kharif

2.

Nursery raising of vegetables

Open and warm bed Polyhouse Technology

Growing nursery beds open.

Partial

– Lack of awareness and knowledge about other methods

Organization of training for nursery management vegetables

3.

Level of culture

Domestic and commercial

Growing at domestic purposes in their court

Partial

– Ignorance about the cultivation of vegetables for regular use and business value

Broadening the kitchen garden for the regular supply of fresh vegetables at home.

4.

Plant Protection

Seed treatment and IPM

Taking no action to protect plant and face problems of cutworms, wilting blight in the drillers and the peppers.

Full

– Lack of knowledge and method of controlling plant diseases and pests

Training cum demonstration on IPM in vegetables

5.

The use of FYM and chemical fertilizers

Using a sufficient quantity of well decomposed FYM and balanced fertilizer

Using only FYM and a small quantity of urea

partial

– Lack of knowledge and unavailability of place.

Organizing a training on integrated management of nutrients in plant

Rabi Vegetables

1.

Rabi vegetables and varieties

Root, leaf, bulb and tuber vegetables

Progressing some vegetables such as kale, turnip and radish

Partial

– Generally unaware of Rabi vegetables and root vegetables grow well

Cum program of awareness training on growing vegetables Rabi

2.

Level of culture

Domestic and commercial

Growing only for domestic purposes in their court

Partial

– Ignorance about growing vegetables for regular consumption and commercial value

Broadening the kitchen garden for the regular supply of fresh vegetables at home.

3.

Post Harvest

Various post-harvest technologies for vegetables

That following natural sun drying methods vegetables

Partial

– Lack of knowledge on various post-harvest technology

Training programs related to technology post harvest may be organized.

 

D) livestock (cattle, sheep, goats and poultry)

 

S. No

Item

Recommended

Existing

Gap

Reason for gap

The Farmers proposed strategy

1.

Breed

1. Cattle

2. Sheep and Goats

cross

cross

Local and cross

Local and cross

Partial

Partial

– Lack of structures Amnesty International and the heat repeated in most animals

Lack of breeding rams

Intensification of cross-race program

Training program on the organization of sheep and goats viable units

2

Feed

Forage and concentrate ration

Enough fodder

Partial

disregard the calendar Food

Training on Food Calendar of animals

3.

Health

Determination regular vaccination

Nil

Full

Lack knowledge on animal diseases and their control

Training program on the disease management industry leaders such as FMD in cattle, the foot rot and skin problems in sheep.

4.

Milk production

10-15 liters / day / cow

3-5 liters / day / cow

Partial

local breeds and management

Camp Awareness Scientific breeding for higher yields and returns.

5.

Poultry

1. Breed

2. Feed

3. Health

4. General Management

Broilar (Cobb), Vanraj

Concentrated balanced diet recommended by age and type

Determination regular vaccination

Recommended scientific practice

Local

Mostly Food Household Waste

Nil

Know the different methods Indigenous (backyard poultry)

Full

Full

Full

Partial

Unconscious and non-availability Germplasm

Lack of knowledge on balanced diet and their preparation

Lack of knowledge on poultry diseases and their control

Commercial poultry units are costly and risky

Introduction of new breeds like Vanraj etc.

Training Program Poultry feed and feeding schedule

Training program on disease management for as Ranikhet and cocidiosis etc.

The extension of the poultry through the establishment of demonstration units.

 

 

 

E) Scientific Home

Survey data analysis reveals some useful results relating to gender-wise statistics of demographic, socio-economic status, income source, occupational status, literacy for education, health conditions, living standards, status agricultural, horticultural practices, services veterinarians, etc.

 

Health status of women and facilities available

 

Women during house-to-house survey expressed that they do not qualify for health facilities in the region must travel a long distance at the time of emergency or at Baramulla and Srinagar. In addition, it was observed that women over 30 years of age were mostly illiterate and only a small none of them could write their names. Women were not equipped with any health information related, though they were unaware of the correct vaccination schedule for their children. Without professional help was available in the region to facilitate deliveries of pregnant women. They were not aware of actions of birth control and the importance of balanced diet during pregnancy and lactation. Women over age 45 suffer from bone and joint pain in large part. However, anemia and malnutrition is common among adolescents. Moreover, some women also complained of stomach problems. The percentage of diseases commonly found among different age groups of women in the village of Isham is given below.

 

The state women's health in Isham (percentage of problems found)

 

S. No

Health status

Women (age group)

5-20 years

20-35 years

Above 35

1

Normal health

50

35

40

2

Malnutrition and anemia

45

40

24

3

Orthopedic Problem

2

25

65

4

Stomach Problem

—

25

30

 

Health and medical facilities did not prevent pregnant women

 

Survey data reveals that only 15-20% of pregnant women seeking medical control hospital district, located at a distance of area. 24 The method of restoration at any time of recall was also used to determine the nutritional intake of women and it was found dietary intake of these women was too low as the recommended intake for the condition., leading to various disorders among them. An analysis of the data revealed that pregnant women and nursing mothers were undernourished, anemic and suffer from various diseases regimes unhealthy food

 

Analysis of nutrient intake of lactating main

(Adult worker moderate)

 

S. No

For mothers who breastfeed

K.cal

Protein (GMS)

Calcium (mg)

1

Recommended Allowances / day

2725

70

1000

2

Nutrient intake / day

1945

43

685

3

Gap Found / day

-780

-27

-315

The data analysis shows that the diet taken daily by pregnant women is less essential nutrients ie780 K.calories from carbohydrates and fats, 27 grams protein and 315 mg of calcium. This led to the emergence various shortcomings of them and the incidence of anemia and malnutrition are increasing day by day in the region. These doses have been depleted found to be due to poor selection of food on the basis of the daily routine and unfair methods of cooking used.

 

Education Facilities

The region has a Govt. high school built by aviation and India and has a primary school. All 24 families visited, used to send their children without distinction sex at school. However, it was found that girls generally interrupt their studies after Matric due to unavailability of upper secondary school in the area and families do not prefer to send their patients to places far away for new studies. Moreover, a private school was also present in the region. People also complained that they are not secure facilities private tutoring for their children.

 

Limber Village

The village limber block Boniyar is a village representative for temperate agro-ecological situation in the region at an altitude of 1800 meters. The village is spread over an area of 394 ha of land and 170 hectares are devoted to different cultures, of which only 86 hectares have irrigation potential. The main source of irrigation is Limber Nala flowing through the village, if other cultures and the area is irrigated. The rugged terrain and lack of facilities irrigation mono-culture is most often followed. Maize is cultivated mainly as a main food crop and the rice is rarely grown. The village is composed of thirteen Patties (hamlets) seven superior (choolan, Saranwali, Bela, babagale, brren / Gujjar budrali, Langer) and six (Haran, shahkoot, Jamia Masjid, kharhar, Jungr, Suchin) in the lower parts of the front end. The number of households is 480 with a total population of 3277 persons consisting of 1830 men and 1447 women. 835 were classified as schedule tribes. The size ranges of 4-12 people per family household.

 

Resources (income groups)

 

S. No

Group Income (rupees / month)

No families

Percentage

1

Up to 8000

411

85.63

2

8001-12000

23

4.79

3

More than 12000

46

9.58

 

Total

480

100 .00

 

Wealth ranking

 

S. No

Category

No families

Percentage

1

Resource-poor

398

82.92

2

Rich in resources,

82

17.08

Total

480

100 .00

 

Existing farm

 

S. No

Enterprise

Number of households

Percentage

Agriculture

412

85.83

Horticulture

91

18.96

Animal Husbandry

137

28.54

Sheep

63

13.13

Goat Breeding

91

18.96

Poultry

274

57.08

Beekeeping

46

9.58

Mushroom

48

10.00

 

Existing Farming System

 

S. No

System Current Agriculture

Number of households

Percentage

1.

Agriculture + Livestock +

Sheep / goat rearing

423

88.1

2.

Agriculture + Horticulture +

Poultry

57

11.9

Total

480

100%

Contribution of different enterprises (%)

AES-2-Limber Village, altitude 1800m AMSL, Tehsil-Uri,

S. No

Item Package

Best Practices

Existing practices

Gap in adoption

The specific reason for Gap

Farmers offer extension strategies

A) agriculture

1

Maize

i

variety

C-15

Local (Double & Tramen)

Full

Disregard –

List of preferences for white maize for food

Introduction and popularization of varieties recommended by the Training and Demonstration

ii

Seed rate

1 kg / kanal for sowing online 1.5kg/kanal for dissemination

5-6 kg / Kanal through the Broadcasting only

Partial

-Ensure proper plant population

More-labor

Demonstration the benefits of growing seedlings in a line that is also feasible for the practice of intercropping in the area

iii

Fertilizers

7 kg of urea, DAP 6.5 kg, 2.5 kilograms MOP and 1 kg ZnSo4/kanal

The application of urea only @ 3 kg / kanal knee high stage and DAP @ 1kg/kanal basal

Partial

Unconsciousness and the unavailability of fertilizers

Training on the use of fertilizers Growth and development

iv

Insect / pest / disease

Control cut-Worm, maize stem borer and sheath blight

Sow more seed than the recommended seeding

Full

I do not know the type and use Chemical

Training in management / control insect pests or diseases

v

Yield

2.5-3 q / Kanal

2-2.2 q / Kanal under irrigated and 0.7-1.0 t / kanal under rainfed

Partial

Growing local cultivars only and no control of pests, damage caused by bears and monkeys

Training cum demonstration on improved variety of maize

2.

Rajmash

i

variety

Bountiful, Masters, Kentucky amazing

Local (Choti Lal and Safed)

Full

Disregard –

Introduction and extension of varieties recommended by the Training and Demonstration

ii

Seed rate

Bush-type 4-5kg, type of pole-1.2-1.5 kg / sowing kanal online

250g / kanal in combination, and 1kg/kanal pure culture through the dissemination

Partial

More intensive Hand —

Disregard –

Demonstrate the benefits of growing seedlings in line is also possible to practice intercropping in zone

 

B) Horticulture

Only the walnut is grown in these areas and have a good quality due to lower temperatures at the time of maturity and will play a major role in the economy of the farmer these fields. Although apples and pears can grow successfully but there May be the problem of marketing due to poor transportation.

S. No

Packages

Recommended

Existing

Variance (%)

Reason for gap

Farmers strategy proposed

1.

Walnut

1.

Variety

Hamdan, Sulaiman or better clonal selections

Seedling origin

100

Non-availability of planting material and ignorance

Some form of local unemployed youth to prepare the nursery.

2

Spacing

8 x8

No planting systematic orchard

100

unconsciousness and undulating land

—

3

Manure

20 kg / tree

Nil

—

unconsciousness

—

4

Fertilizers

Urea-3915g

DAP-1085g

MOP-2490g

Nil

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

5

Pests and diseases

Spraying insecticides and fungicides

Nil-walnut weevil, but the major problem.

—

unconsciousness

Needs Awareness Program

6

Irrigation

Required

Nile – even so much water is available.

—

unconsciousness

Need Awareness Program

 

C) vegetables

 

S. No

Packages

Recommended

Existing

Gap

Reason gap

Farmers proposed strategy

Kharief Vegetables

1.

Kharif vegetables and varieties

Crucifers, cucurbits, and beans etc. Solaneaceous

with different varieties high performance.

progresses few selected vegetables such as cabbage, cucumber, gourd, chillies and tomatoes brinjal potato using local seed

Partial

– Ignorance about growing vegetables using modern technologies

– Lack of improved / high yielding varieties of vegetable seed

Organizing awareness camps and training programs on Kharif vegetables

2.

Nursery raising of vegetables

Open, warm bed and technologies Polyhouse

Growing nursery in open beds.

Partial

– Lack of awareness and knowledge about other methods

Organization Programs Training for nursery management vegetables

3.

Level of culture

Domestic and commercial

Growing at domestic purposes in their court

Partial

– Ignorance about the cultivation of vegetables for regular use and business value

Broadening the kitchen garden for the regular supply of fresh vegetables at home.

4.

Plant Protection

Seed treatment and IPM

Taking no action to protect plant and face problems of cutworms, wilting blight in the drillers and the peppers.

Full

– Lack of knowledge and method of controlling plant diseases and pests

Training cum demonstration on IPM in vegetables

5.

The use of FYM and chemical fertilizers

Using a sufficient quantity of well decomposed FYM and balanced fertilizer

Using only FYM and a small quantity of urea

partial

– Lack of knowledge and unavailability of place.

Organizing a training on integrated management of nutrients in plant

Rabi Vegetables

1.

Rabi vegetables and varieties

Roots, leaves, bulbs and tuber vegetables

Progressing some vegetables such as kale, turnip and radish

Partial

– Generally unaware of Rabi vegetables and root vegetables grow well

Cum program of awareness training on growing vegetables Rabi

2.

Level of culture

Domestic and commercial

Growing only for domestic purposes in their court

Partial

– Ignorance about growing vegetables for regular consumption and commercial value

– Production of seed potatoes can be practiced

Broadening kitchen garden to supply regular fresh vegetables at home.

Diversification through the production of commercial seed can be demonstrated on the potato.

3.

Post Harvest

Various post-harvest technologies for vegetables

That following natural sunlight in methods of drying vegetables

Partial

– Lack of knowledge on various post-harvest technology

Programs training related to post harvest technologies may be organized.

 

D) Home Science

 

The health of women and facilities available

The standard of health of the population as a whole was not satisfactory and women and children were most affected due to various disorders and disabilities. Women were not equipped with any health information related, though they were unaware of the immunization schedule appropriate for their children. There was a primary health center, but without professional help is available within the region to facilitate deliveries of pregnant women and they have to go to remote locations, monitoring medical emergency. In addition, awareness of nutrition among women is also weak. They had no knowledge about the composition of foods of high nutritive value in different physiological conditions. In addition, cooking practices used by them was also wrong that led to the loss of essential nutrients. The gaps commonly found among women in the fore – are anemia, malnutrition, and arthritis. They need full awareness on the importance of balanced diet in normal conditions and others as the standard of health was deteriorating day by day in the region.

Level of education

 

The area had a high school, college and several primary schools. They also had a facility mobile schools in the region. The overall literacy rate was 60%, and no gender bias was observed among families to provide education for their children. However, again the same problem of dropout among girls was found after the middle or Matric due to non availability of provisions for higher education.

Noorkah Village

 

The village Noorkah block Boniyar is a representative villages in the sub-temperate agro-eco-situation in the region of Uri and was used to conduct PRA. The village is situated at an altitude of 1420m AMSL on the foot hill of mountain and is opposite the village of Chandenwari on the URI-Baramulla National Highway. The Jhelum river separates two villages. The village is spread over an area of 65 hectares and irrigated through Nilossa-Noorkah and Noorkah Kul general. Most cultivated land is irrigated and facilitate double cropping. The main crops are rice and maize kharif while in Rabi season, wheat, oats, berseem are grown and Sarson. The region has a high potential for growing vegetables. Pear and walnut are the main fruit of the region. The village is composed of four patties (villages), namely Khurmjar, Sadat Mohalla, Mohalla Khan Mohalla Ahnger. The total number of households are 300 with a population of 2,450 people comprising 1,300 men and 1,150 women. The size ranges of the family of 4 to 12 members, but in some households, the strength of family members has exceeded 12 members.